Welcome to Covariance
...whenever new abstract objects are constructed in a specified way out of given ones, it is advisable to regard the construction of the corresponding induced mappings on these objects as an integral part of their definition.
Recently updated notes
| Note | Last Updated |
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| Study Guide for Final Exam | 11:25 AM - November 24, 2025 |
| Kan extensions | 11:12 AM - November 24, 2025 |
| 2025-11-21 | 3:30 PM - November 21, 2025 |
Knowledge
Mathematics
Algebra theory
Not to be confused with the general concept of algebra (abstract or otherwise), an algebra is an algebraic structure similar to a module, only with two internal binary operations.
| Note | Last Updated |
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| Algebras | 2:03 PM - October 30, 2025 |
| Exterior algebras | 2:27 PM - November 06, 2025 |
| Symmetric algebras | 7:39 PM - November 02, 2025 |
| Symmetric and alternating tensors | 1:45 PM - November 04, 2025 |
| Tensor algebras | 7:42 PM - November 02, 2025 |
Algebraic geometry
| Note | Last Updated |
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| Examples of classical conic duality | 7:24 AM - March 31, 2025 |
Category theory
| Note | Last Updated |
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| Abelian categories | 12:33 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Additive categories | 12:34 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Adjoints | 8:45 PM - October 07, 2025 |
| Categories | 7:55 PM - October 07, 2025 |
| Chain complexes | 12:34 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Diagram chases without elements | 7:26 PM - November 23, 2024 |
| Diagram lemmas | 12:34 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Double complexes and mural maps | 12:35 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Exact sequences and chain homology | 12:35 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Examples of adjoints | 9:00 PM - October 07, 2025 |
| Functor categories | 8:42 PM - October 07, 2025 |
| Functors | 8:12 PM - October 07, 2025 |
| Kan extensions | 11:12 AM - November 24, 2025 |
| Natural transformations | 8:38 PM - October 07, 2025 |
| Preadditive categories | 6:56 AM - November 21, 2025 |
| Properties of adjoints | 12:39 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Special morphisms | 2:21 PM - November 18, 2025 |
| Spectral sequences | 12:37 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| The Salamander Lemma | 12:37 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Universal arrows and elements | 12:48 PM - March 31, 2025 |
| Universal Properties I - Inspiring Examples | 7:56 PM - October 07, 2025 |
| Universal Properties II - Commutative diagrams, cones and limits | 3:08 PM - August 06, 2025 |
| Universal Properties III - Yoneda's Lemma | 10:14 AM - October 17, 2025 |
Differential equations
Field theory
| Note | Last Updated |
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| A question about finite fields | 10:26 AM - May 30, 2025 |
Group theory
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| Normal subgroups | 7:25 AM - March 31, 2025 |
Module theory
Representation theory
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| Representations of groups | 9:26 AM - July 08, 2025 |
Ring theory
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| Chinese Remainder Theorem | 9:26 AM - July 15, 2025 |
| Division rings | 9:54 AM - July 15, 2025 |
| Graded rings | 7:25 AM - March 31, 2025 |
| Least common multiples | 7:34 PM - July 21, 2024 |
| Principal ideal domains (PIDs) | 6:29 AM - May 07, 2024 |
Tropical algebraic geometry
| Note | Last Updated |
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| Investigation into tropical tangency loci | 7:27 AM - March 31, 2025 |
| Linear tropical varieties | 7:27 AM - March 31, 2025 |
| Quadratic tropical varieties | 7:27 AM - March 31, 2025 |
| Tropical varieties | 7:27 AM - March 31, 2025 |
Software
Blender
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Houdini
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| Systems of equations | 2:56 PM - August 06, 2024 |