Ideals in a polynomial ring
Let
is a prime ideal in if and only if is an integral domain. is a maximal ideal in if and only if is a field.
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Let $R$ be a commutative ring with $1$. Use theorems in ring theory to prove:
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
\item $\langle x\rangle$ is a prime ideal in $R[x]$ if and only if $R$ is an integral domain.
\item $\langle x\rangle$ is a maximal ideal in $R[x]$ if and only if $R$ is a field.
\end{enumerate}